PROGRAM/SOFT WARE VISUALIZATION

PROGRAM/SOFT WARE VISUALIZATION
Introduction:
The program/software visualization, I will start defining each term independently and then defining them as a whole. By starting with program is a set of execution instructions that solves a problem or a difficult. Visualization is the making visible or to make things observable to the mind or imagination. By combining the two terms now we have the term program/software engineering which consists of producing animated views of program to be executed.

Concept of program/software visualization
There are basically two types of program/software visualization; visualization of a single component which involves the source code and quality defects which is normally occurs during the software development and maintenance activities. Another thing is visualization of the whole system, this is very important so as to investigate the architecture or to apply or visual analytics techniques for defect discovery.

This program/software visualization was aiming to achieve the goals of systematic creation of visual representations. Also it binds data to representations that can be recognized e.g. visual, auditory and tactile and specification of user explanations.

Importance of program/software visualization
The program/software visualization helps in improving performance, support visible more comprehensible. It helps in converting data into graphic or graphic presentation and moreover it helps the programmers to understand program behavior and code better good example is jeliot, you can view the codes you have prepared how they work

Problems
The program/software visualization is accompanied by some sort of problems including limited screen space where it very difficult to observe how the codes are executed. Also the problem of unfavorable condition or circumstances which does not favor the codes to run in that particular computer is still a problem. One more thing is the aspect of behavior to be visualized must be identified.

Conclusion
Although program/software visualization have got some problems but still we need it in our especially the programmers which will help in improving performance of programs created. It helps in calculating and reducing resource utilization as well as evaluating algorithms in complete programs and real data. Also it tells that in order to perform a good program, some principles should be followed so that the codes can easily mapped into visible language.

FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

Introduction:
Fingerprint is the physical identification which based on the appearance. This is the one way of recognizing human beings based on the physical features of the fingers. This fingerprint is one of the most convenient and trustfully than any other human identification.

Concept of fingerprint recognition
Fingerprints are the result of minute ridges and valleys found on the hand of every person/human being left over on any surface with which the finger comes on contact with under a slightly pressure. This pressure should be at a certain amount which is measurable in such a way that it does not loose the sign which actually what is needed. Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying two or more human fingerprints. Each human being have his/her own fingerprint so, it is very easy to identify one among many people

Classification of fingerprints
Classification of human fingerprints has been classified into three basic patterns; loop, whorls and arches. In the loop it starts side and goes around to the end on the same side. Here there are two focal points: the core and the delta. During recording fingerprint, these two parts are very important and should be completely

The whorls starts in the middle and deeps getting bigger and at this whorl patterns are having two or more deltas. During recognizing/recording all deltas and the areas between them must be recorded as well.

The arch is a shape that starts on one side and ends on the other side, like a hill and here there is no delta or core. Also this part must be fully recorded so that the individual characteristics can be distinguished.

Acquisition of fingerprint Images
Acquisition of fingerprint images is performed by two techniques; off line sensing and live scan sensing. In the off sensing fingerprint images is performed by sing the black ink and then the subject finger is pressed against a paper card. The card is scanned by using and producing the final digital image.

Live scan sensing is the collection of digital image by direct sensing the finger surface with an electronic fingerprint scanner. Here no ink used, the finger is only pressed against the flat surface of the scanner and the sensor capture the digital image of the fingerprint pattern. This method is simple and requires little user training.

Why using fingerprint?
Since there is no individual with the same fingerprint, it reduces the chance of fraud. Also the fingerprint can’t be lost and it is something unique to every person so it can be applied to modern computers, cars, automatic doors etc. However the recognition based on fingerprint is relatively cheap comparing to other biometric systems.
Conclusion
Though everything has got some failures, but still fingerprint is very important because it uniquely identify person accurately than any other technique. By using the fingerprint, no two individuals will have identical fingerprints even if they are the identical twins.