Ukumbi wa Siasa:
Leo nimeona nije ki siasa zaidi, na hii ni kutokana na mazingira yanayotuzunguka. Kazi zetu hizi zinahitaji kusoma mazingira na kuelewa jamii kwa wakati husika wanahitaji nini? Kwa mfano jamii yangu kwa sasa inahitaji kuwa sawa na mambo fulani fulani ki siasa.
Hii ni dhahiri kwamba jamii hii inahitaji uelewa mkubwa katika mambo makuu mawili:
*Uelewa kuhusu elimu ya sensa (kuhesabiwa)
*Uelewa kuhusu elimu ya Katiba ya nchi.
Kimsingi nitajikita zaidi katika mambo hayo mawili japo nimeleta mada pekee kwa sasa, somo hili litaendelea wakati mwingine.
Sunday, 17 June 2012
Sunday, 28 June 2009
The life at Tumaini University
This is Tumaini University, here we ware having a hot discussion outside the class. Actually I have satisfied with this life though it is somehow it is so tough comparing with what I am used to be in the past two years.Here at Tumaini have many thing to proud of concerning our academic, we have a library with enough facilities, we have internet access most of the time so it is very easy to get materias of any king even if not available in the library.
Saturday, 13 June 2009
-REAL TIME GRAPHICS AND RENDERING:
Introduction
Computer graphics goes to the very early ages of the 1960s the time when computer technology gaining force t stand onto its feet. Actually this topic deals with graphics, the first program which ever utilized a complete graphical user interface. For the computer animation festival features a section focused entirely on real time computer graphics.
Definitions of some basic terms in the field:
In this field of real time rendering, there are some terms which we have to be familiar with.
ü Raster images: Raster images also known as Bitmap is a way of representing digital images. These are the images which can change/loose its quality when zoomed.
ü Vector images: these are the images that are created using the mathematical algorithms and geometric function to draw a picture. This image defines points and the paths that connect them to form a digital representation of image.
ü Computer Graphics: Computer graphics refers to any picture or series of pictures that is generated with the aid of computer.
ü Modeling: The process of creating any image alike as the actual thing. Model is the image created which look like the actual thing.
ü Texturing: The process of building a surface detail and indicating how that surface will to light. All surfaces can be described by their color, shining ness etc.
ü Animation: Is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork.
However, there are some steps to follow in order to make computer graphics designing like pre-designing, modeling, texturing, animation and rendering.
What is real time graphics?
Real time graphics refers to computer graphics that signifies reality and rendering is the final process of creating the actual 2-D image or animation from the prepared scene. This can be compared to taking a photo or filming the scene after the setup is finished in real life.
Important concepts and technologies applied in the field.
This technology is used in several areas; ray tracing the algorithm of tracing every ray of light starting from the viewer’s perspective back into the 3-D scene to the object. Also used in radiosity; taking of x-rays, in open graphics library and in Microsoft (Direct).
With whom and where is this field applied?
This technology is mainly applied in creating movies where CG characters are designed and included in the movies. Also this technology is applied in simulation where Computer graphics are used and tested. Also applied in game industries such as playstation, dreamcast Xbox, etc.
Advantages and Disadvantages
It helps in entertainment industries film designing, games etc. Also used in engineering, medical industries, architectural etc.
However there are some advantages including cost, taking long time to prepare and also requires computers which are powerful in terms of RAM, and Processor Speed.
Computer graphics goes to the very early ages of the 1960s the time when computer technology gaining force t stand onto its feet. Actually this topic deals with graphics, the first program which ever utilized a complete graphical user interface. For the computer animation festival features a section focused entirely on real time computer graphics.
Definitions of some basic terms in the field:
In this field of real time rendering, there are some terms which we have to be familiar with.
ü Raster images: Raster images also known as Bitmap is a way of representing digital images. These are the images which can change/loose its quality when zoomed.
ü Vector images: these are the images that are created using the mathematical algorithms and geometric function to draw a picture. This image defines points and the paths that connect them to form a digital representation of image.
ü Computer Graphics: Computer graphics refers to any picture or series of pictures that is generated with the aid of computer.
ü Modeling: The process of creating any image alike as the actual thing. Model is the image created which look like the actual thing.
ü Texturing: The process of building a surface detail and indicating how that surface will to light. All surfaces can be described by their color, shining ness etc.
ü Animation: Is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork.
However, there are some steps to follow in order to make computer graphics designing like pre-designing, modeling, texturing, animation and rendering.
What is real time graphics?
Real time graphics refers to computer graphics that signifies reality and rendering is the final process of creating the actual 2-D image or animation from the prepared scene. This can be compared to taking a photo or filming the scene after the setup is finished in real life.
Important concepts and technologies applied in the field.
This technology is used in several areas; ray tracing the algorithm of tracing every ray of light starting from the viewer’s perspective back into the 3-D scene to the object. Also used in radiosity; taking of x-rays, in open graphics library and in Microsoft (Direct).
With whom and where is this field applied?
This technology is mainly applied in creating movies where CG characters are designed and included in the movies. Also this technology is applied in simulation where Computer graphics are used and tested. Also applied in game industries such as playstation, dreamcast Xbox, etc.
Advantages and Disadvantages
It helps in entertainment industries film designing, games etc. Also used in engineering, medical industries, architectural etc.
However there are some advantages including cost, taking long time to prepare and also requires computers which are powerful in terms of RAM, and Processor Speed.
Wednesday, 3 June 2009
PROGRAM/SOFT WARE VISUALIZATION
PROGRAM/SOFT WARE VISUALIZATION
Introduction:
The program/software visualization, I will start defining each term independently and then defining them as a whole. By starting with program is a set of execution instructions that solves a problem or a difficult. Visualization is the making visible or to make things observable to the mind or imagination. By combining the two terms now we have the term program/software engineering which consists of producing animated views of program to be executed.
Concept of program/software visualization
There are basically two types of program/software visualization; visualization of a single component which involves the source code and quality defects which is normally occurs during the software development and maintenance activities. Another thing is visualization of the whole system, this is very important so as to investigate the architecture or to apply or visual analytics techniques for defect discovery.
This program/software visualization was aiming to achieve the goals of systematic creation of visual representations. Also it binds data to representations that can be recognized e.g. visual, auditory and tactile and specification of user explanations.
Importance of program/software visualization
The program/software visualization helps in improving performance, support visible more comprehensible. It helps in converting data into graphic or graphic presentation and moreover it helps the programmers to understand program behavior and code better good example is jeliot, you can view the codes you have prepared how they work
Problems
The program/software visualization is accompanied by some sort of problems including limited screen space where it very difficult to observe how the codes are executed. Also the problem of unfavorable condition or circumstances which does not favor the codes to run in that particular computer is still a problem. One more thing is the aspect of behavior to be visualized must be identified.
Conclusion
Although program/software visualization have got some problems but still we need it in our especially the programmers which will help in improving performance of programs created. It helps in calculating and reducing resource utilization as well as evaluating algorithms in complete programs and real data. Also it tells that in order to perform a good program, some principles should be followed so that the codes can easily mapped into visible language.
Introduction:
The program/software visualization, I will start defining each term independently and then defining them as a whole. By starting with program is a set of execution instructions that solves a problem or a difficult. Visualization is the making visible or to make things observable to the mind or imagination. By combining the two terms now we have the term program/software engineering which consists of producing animated views of program to be executed.
Concept of program/software visualization
There are basically two types of program/software visualization; visualization of a single component which involves the source code and quality defects which is normally occurs during the software development and maintenance activities. Another thing is visualization of the whole system, this is very important so as to investigate the architecture or to apply or visual analytics techniques for defect discovery.
This program/software visualization was aiming to achieve the goals of systematic creation of visual representations. Also it binds data to representations that can be recognized e.g. visual, auditory and tactile and specification of user explanations.
Importance of program/software visualization
The program/software visualization helps in improving performance, support visible more comprehensible. It helps in converting data into graphic or graphic presentation and moreover it helps the programmers to understand program behavior and code better good example is jeliot, you can view the codes you have prepared how they work
Problems
The program/software visualization is accompanied by some sort of problems including limited screen space where it very difficult to observe how the codes are executed. Also the problem of unfavorable condition or circumstances which does not favor the codes to run in that particular computer is still a problem. One more thing is the aspect of behavior to be visualized must be identified.
Conclusion
Although program/software visualization have got some problems but still we need it in our especially the programmers which will help in improving performance of programs created. It helps in calculating and reducing resource utilization as well as evaluating algorithms in complete programs and real data. Also it tells that in order to perform a good program, some principles should be followed so that the codes can easily mapped into visible language.
Monday, 1 June 2009
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
Introduction:
Fingerprint is the physical identification which based on the appearance. This is the one way of recognizing human beings based on the physical features of the fingers. This fingerprint is one of the most convenient and trustfully than any other human identification.
Concept of fingerprint recognition
Fingerprints are the result of minute ridges and valleys found on the hand of every person/human being left over on any surface with which the finger comes on contact with under a slightly pressure. This pressure should be at a certain amount which is measurable in such a way that it does not loose the sign which actually what is needed. Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying two or more human fingerprints. Each human being have his/her own fingerprint so, it is very easy to identify one among many people
Classification of fingerprints
Classification of human fingerprints has been classified into three basic patterns; loop, whorls and arches. In the loop it starts side and goes around to the end on the same side. Here there are two focal points: the core and the delta. During recording fingerprint, these two parts are very important and should be completely
The whorls starts in the middle and deeps getting bigger and at this whorl patterns are having two or more deltas. During recognizing/recording all deltas and the areas between them must be recorded as well.
The arch is a shape that starts on one side and ends on the other side, like a hill and here there is no delta or core. Also this part must be fully recorded so that the individual characteristics can be distinguished.
Acquisition of fingerprint Images
Acquisition of fingerprint images is performed by two techniques; off line sensing and live scan sensing. In the off sensing fingerprint images is performed by sing the black ink and then the subject finger is pressed against a paper card. The card is scanned by using and producing the final digital image.
Live scan sensing is the collection of digital image by direct sensing the finger surface with an electronic fingerprint scanner. Here no ink used, the finger is only pressed against the flat surface of the scanner and the sensor capture the digital image of the fingerprint pattern. This method is simple and requires little user training.
Why using fingerprint?
Since there is no individual with the same fingerprint, it reduces the chance of fraud. Also the fingerprint can’t be lost and it is something unique to every person so it can be applied to modern computers, cars, automatic doors etc. However the recognition based on fingerprint is relatively cheap comparing to other biometric systems.
Conclusion
Though everything has got some failures, but still fingerprint is very important because it uniquely identify person accurately than any other technique. By using the fingerprint, no two individuals will have identical fingerprints even if they are the identical twins.
Fingerprint is the physical identification which based on the appearance. This is the one way of recognizing human beings based on the physical features of the fingers. This fingerprint is one of the most convenient and trustfully than any other human identification.
Concept of fingerprint recognition
Fingerprints are the result of minute ridges and valleys found on the hand of every person/human being left over on any surface with which the finger comes on contact with under a slightly pressure. This pressure should be at a certain amount which is measurable in such a way that it does not loose the sign which actually what is needed. Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying two or more human fingerprints. Each human being have his/her own fingerprint so, it is very easy to identify one among many people
Classification of fingerprints
Classification of human fingerprints has been classified into three basic patterns; loop, whorls and arches. In the loop it starts side and goes around to the end on the same side. Here there are two focal points: the core and the delta. During recording fingerprint, these two parts are very important and should be completely
The whorls starts in the middle and deeps getting bigger and at this whorl patterns are having two or more deltas. During recognizing/recording all deltas and the areas between them must be recorded as well.
The arch is a shape that starts on one side and ends on the other side, like a hill and here there is no delta or core. Also this part must be fully recorded so that the individual characteristics can be distinguished.
Acquisition of fingerprint Images
Acquisition of fingerprint images is performed by two techniques; off line sensing and live scan sensing. In the off sensing fingerprint images is performed by sing the black ink and then the subject finger is pressed against a paper card. The card is scanned by using and producing the final digital image.
Live scan sensing is the collection of digital image by direct sensing the finger surface with an electronic fingerprint scanner. Here no ink used, the finger is only pressed against the flat surface of the scanner and the sensor capture the digital image of the fingerprint pattern. This method is simple and requires little user training.
Why using fingerprint?
Since there is no individual with the same fingerprint, it reduces the chance of fraud. Also the fingerprint can’t be lost and it is something unique to every person so it can be applied to modern computers, cars, automatic doors etc. However the recognition based on fingerprint is relatively cheap comparing to other biometric systems.
Conclusion
Though everything has got some failures, but still fingerprint is very important because it uniquely identify person accurately than any other technique. By using the fingerprint, no two individuals will have identical fingerprints even if they are the identical twins.
Thursday, 14 May 2009
Wednesday, 6 May 2009
Database Management System (DBMS) ProjectSQL SELECT Statement
Project on Database Management System(DBMS)
This week the task which is facing me and my group in general is to prepare a University website where by the students who want to apply to the University can apply online. Here the students are required to put their personal information, academic background/information, employment information incase there is and also the program/course the applicant applying for.
The students in our class have prepared different topic in this project for example the University library where the student can read (only registered) have the access to read the books anywhere. Here the students will be required to put his/her user name which already given and the admission number and all these should be accompanied with the password for security purposes. Other group discuss on Tanzanian Education Network and other group their project is based in Registration Process in Secondary School.
This week the task which is facing me and my group in general is to prepare a University website where by the students who want to apply to the University can apply online. Here the students are required to put their personal information, academic background/information, employment information incase there is and also the program/course the applicant applying for.
The students in our class have prepared different topic in this project for example the University library where the student can read (only registered) have the access to read the books anywhere. Here the students will be required to put his/her user name which already given and the admission number and all these should be accompanied with the password for security purposes. Other group discuss on Tanzanian Education Network and other group their project is based in Registration Process in Secondary School.
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