PROGRAM/SOFT WARE VISUALIZATION
Introduction:
The program/software visualization, I will start defining each term independently and then defining them as a whole. By starting with program is a set of execution instructions that solves a problem or a difficult. Visualization is the making visible or to make things observable to the mind or imagination. By combining the two terms now we have the term program/software engineering which consists of producing animated views of program to be executed.
Concept of program/software visualization
There are basically two types of program/software visualization; visualization of a single component which involves the source code and quality defects which is normally occurs during the software development and maintenance activities. Another thing is visualization of the whole system, this is very important so as to investigate the architecture or to apply or visual analytics techniques for defect discovery.
This program/software visualization was aiming to achieve the goals of systematic creation of visual representations. Also it binds data to representations that can be recognized e.g. visual, auditory and tactile and specification of user explanations.
Importance of program/software visualization
The program/software visualization helps in improving performance, support visible more comprehensible. It helps in converting data into graphic or graphic presentation and moreover it helps the programmers to understand program behavior and code better good example is jeliot, you can view the codes you have prepared how they work
Problems
The program/software visualization is accompanied by some sort of problems including limited screen space where it very difficult to observe how the codes are executed. Also the problem of unfavorable condition or circumstances which does not favor the codes to run in that particular computer is still a problem. One more thing is the aspect of behavior to be visualized must be identified.
Conclusion
Although program/software visualization have got some problems but still we need it in our especially the programmers which will help in improving performance of programs created. It helps in calculating and reducing resource utilization as well as evaluating algorithms in complete programs and real data. Also it tells that in order to perform a good program, some principles should be followed so that the codes can easily mapped into visible language.
Wednesday, 3 June 2009
Monday, 1 June 2009
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
Introduction:
Fingerprint is the physical identification which based on the appearance. This is the one way of recognizing human beings based on the physical features of the fingers. This fingerprint is one of the most convenient and trustfully than any other human identification.
Concept of fingerprint recognition
Fingerprints are the result of minute ridges and valleys found on the hand of every person/human being left over on any surface with which the finger comes on contact with under a slightly pressure. This pressure should be at a certain amount which is measurable in such a way that it does not loose the sign which actually what is needed. Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying two or more human fingerprints. Each human being have his/her own fingerprint so, it is very easy to identify one among many people
Classification of fingerprints
Classification of human fingerprints has been classified into three basic patterns; loop, whorls and arches. In the loop it starts side and goes around to the end on the same side. Here there are two focal points: the core and the delta. During recording fingerprint, these two parts are very important and should be completely
The whorls starts in the middle and deeps getting bigger and at this whorl patterns are having two or more deltas. During recognizing/recording all deltas and the areas between them must be recorded as well.
The arch is a shape that starts on one side and ends on the other side, like a hill and here there is no delta or core. Also this part must be fully recorded so that the individual characteristics can be distinguished.
Acquisition of fingerprint Images
Acquisition of fingerprint images is performed by two techniques; off line sensing and live scan sensing. In the off sensing fingerprint images is performed by sing the black ink and then the subject finger is pressed against a paper card. The card is scanned by using and producing the final digital image.
Live scan sensing is the collection of digital image by direct sensing the finger surface with an electronic fingerprint scanner. Here no ink used, the finger is only pressed against the flat surface of the scanner and the sensor capture the digital image of the fingerprint pattern. This method is simple and requires little user training.
Why using fingerprint?
Since there is no individual with the same fingerprint, it reduces the chance of fraud. Also the fingerprint can’t be lost and it is something unique to every person so it can be applied to modern computers, cars, automatic doors etc. However the recognition based on fingerprint is relatively cheap comparing to other biometric systems.
Conclusion
Though everything has got some failures, but still fingerprint is very important because it uniquely identify person accurately than any other technique. By using the fingerprint, no two individuals will have identical fingerprints even if they are the identical twins.
Fingerprint is the physical identification which based on the appearance. This is the one way of recognizing human beings based on the physical features of the fingers. This fingerprint is one of the most convenient and trustfully than any other human identification.
Concept of fingerprint recognition
Fingerprints are the result of minute ridges and valleys found on the hand of every person/human being left over on any surface with which the finger comes on contact with under a slightly pressure. This pressure should be at a certain amount which is measurable in such a way that it does not loose the sign which actually what is needed. Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying two or more human fingerprints. Each human being have his/her own fingerprint so, it is very easy to identify one among many people
Classification of fingerprints
Classification of human fingerprints has been classified into three basic patterns; loop, whorls and arches. In the loop it starts side and goes around to the end on the same side. Here there are two focal points: the core and the delta. During recording fingerprint, these two parts are very important and should be completely
The whorls starts in the middle and deeps getting bigger and at this whorl patterns are having two or more deltas. During recognizing/recording all deltas and the areas between them must be recorded as well.
The arch is a shape that starts on one side and ends on the other side, like a hill and here there is no delta or core. Also this part must be fully recorded so that the individual characteristics can be distinguished.
Acquisition of fingerprint Images
Acquisition of fingerprint images is performed by two techniques; off line sensing and live scan sensing. In the off sensing fingerprint images is performed by sing the black ink and then the subject finger is pressed against a paper card. The card is scanned by using and producing the final digital image.
Live scan sensing is the collection of digital image by direct sensing the finger surface with an electronic fingerprint scanner. Here no ink used, the finger is only pressed against the flat surface of the scanner and the sensor capture the digital image of the fingerprint pattern. This method is simple and requires little user training.
Why using fingerprint?
Since there is no individual with the same fingerprint, it reduces the chance of fraud. Also the fingerprint can’t be lost and it is something unique to every person so it can be applied to modern computers, cars, automatic doors etc. However the recognition based on fingerprint is relatively cheap comparing to other biometric systems.
Conclusion
Though everything has got some failures, but still fingerprint is very important because it uniquely identify person accurately than any other technique. By using the fingerprint, no two individuals will have identical fingerprints even if they are the identical twins.
Thursday, 14 May 2009
Wednesday, 6 May 2009
Database Management System (DBMS) ProjectSQL SELECT Statement
Project on Database Management System(DBMS)
This week the task which is facing me and my group in general is to prepare a University website where by the students who want to apply to the University can apply online. Here the students are required to put their personal information, academic background/information, employment information incase there is and also the program/course the applicant applying for.
The students in our class have prepared different topic in this project for example the University library where the student can read (only registered) have the access to read the books anywhere. Here the students will be required to put his/her user name which already given and the admission number and all these should be accompanied with the password for security purposes. Other group discuss on Tanzanian Education Network and other group their project is based in Registration Process in Secondary School.
This week the task which is facing me and my group in general is to prepare a University website where by the students who want to apply to the University can apply online. Here the students are required to put their personal information, academic background/information, employment information incase there is and also the program/course the applicant applying for.
The students in our class have prepared different topic in this project for example the University library where the student can read (only registered) have the access to read the books anywhere. Here the students will be required to put his/her user name which already given and the admission number and all these should be accompanied with the password for security purposes. Other group discuss on Tanzanian Education Network and other group their project is based in Registration Process in Secondary School.
Saturday, 2 May 2009
USABILITY ENGINEERING AND HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION:
Introduction:
This Topic was presented by Mr. Innocent Kihaka and Mr. Side S. Side. Actually to my opinions I can say it was the best presentation among the best presentations which have already presented.
Before going deeper to this topic let us have a look on some important terminologies which used in this topic which might confuse sometimes if not used well.
Usability; This usability means that something can be very easy to use but not necessary to be usefully. It is normally user friendly.
Usefulness; Usefulness means that something is very useful but it is very difficult to use i.e. not user friendly.
Why this UE and HCI?
Many years ago people were struggling on how to improve the efficient of the machine. The research made at that time showed that in order the efficient of the machine the computer users were diverse and there was a need of human interactive system. Over some years the ICT has developed into discipline/field in its own right.
By so doing they were intending to increase the productivity as its work force is more productive. Also decreases training and supportive costs as well as increasing the customer satisfaction and decreases technophobia. However they succeed to some extent since they reduces disastrous and fatal errors in the system which are dangerous to human life.
In fact they advanced a lot in designing products. They were having to approaches of designing products; the Product Centered Design and the User Centered Design. The product centered design is the means of producing products without caring the need of the user and the user centered design is the design by which the designing process usually considering the needs of the user. This style of designing proved to be efficient than the product centered. Here the user used to command the machine to do what the user needs and not the user do what the machine needs.
The user centered approach proved to have the following advantages based on the user; It is easy to learn and to use as well (Learn ability), it is supportive to products in carrying out a certain task (efficiency), also it is easy to memorize how the system is used once it has been learned. In addition to that, the user centered approach is safe and protecting the user from dangerous undesirable situations, it is entertaining and the most important thing is that it motivates by encouraging the user to continue working with it.
Difficulties of the User Centered Approach;
Since the user centered approach requires the suggestions from users, it is difficult to get the clear information especially from unskilled people. Also it needs large amount of in of fund in developing new products, very difficult to build a system which is suitable for all types of users and their needs.
UE and HCI are very important to human life especially in the world of today whereby computers are the great tool for facilitating the human work. In order to decrease the digital divide to our societies, computer products should be decreased the cost but still meet the intended quality. Also they should be made in such a way that they can be used in different groups of people no matter their level of professional i.e. layman can use them effectively.
This Topic was presented by Mr. Innocent Kihaka and Mr. Side S. Side. Actually to my opinions I can say it was the best presentation among the best presentations which have already presented.
Before going deeper to this topic let us have a look on some important terminologies which used in this topic which might confuse sometimes if not used well.
Usability; This usability means that something can be very easy to use but not necessary to be usefully. It is normally user friendly.
Usefulness; Usefulness means that something is very useful but it is very difficult to use i.e. not user friendly.
Why this UE and HCI?
Many years ago people were struggling on how to improve the efficient of the machine. The research made at that time showed that in order the efficient of the machine the computer users were diverse and there was a need of human interactive system. Over some years the ICT has developed into discipline/field in its own right.
By so doing they were intending to increase the productivity as its work force is more productive. Also decreases training and supportive costs as well as increasing the customer satisfaction and decreases technophobia. However they succeed to some extent since they reduces disastrous and fatal errors in the system which are dangerous to human life.
In fact they advanced a lot in designing products. They were having to approaches of designing products; the Product Centered Design and the User Centered Design. The product centered design is the means of producing products without caring the need of the user and the user centered design is the design by which the designing process usually considering the needs of the user. This style of designing proved to be efficient than the product centered. Here the user used to command the machine to do what the user needs and not the user do what the machine needs.
The user centered approach proved to have the following advantages based on the user; It is easy to learn and to use as well (Learn ability), it is supportive to products in carrying out a certain task (efficiency), also it is easy to memorize how the system is used once it has been learned. In addition to that, the user centered approach is safe and protecting the user from dangerous undesirable situations, it is entertaining and the most important thing is that it motivates by encouraging the user to continue working with it.
Difficulties of the User Centered Approach;
Since the user centered approach requires the suggestions from users, it is difficult to get the clear information especially from unskilled people. Also it needs large amount of in of fund in developing new products, very difficult to build a system which is suitable for all types of users and their needs.
UE and HCI are very important to human life especially in the world of today whereby computers are the great tool for facilitating the human work. In order to decrease the digital divide to our societies, computer products should be decreased the cost but still meet the intended quality. Also they should be made in such a way that they can be used in different groups of people no matter their level of professional i.e. layman can use them effectively.
Sunday, 26 April 2009
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
Well, it very nice presentation given by Mr. Bahati Sanga on Friday April 25, 2009 concerning education technology. This task were to be done by Mr Sanga and Austin, unfortunately Mr. Austin was having some excuse so he was not around.
Introduction:
Education technology is the way of identifying, solving and facilitating learning process by using the available resources/tools. The education technology should not be mixed with technological education. In the education, the main goal is to teach the knowledge and techniques on developing technologically. These two things are quite different; technological education is the situation where by education is used to build up tools for education like machines etc.
Education technology has got so many objectives but here I am going to site to only some of them which are the most important in the human life and in the learning process. The first important thing which should be noted down first is to analyze the characteristics of the learner. That is some learners need to be given the overview of the content and then start finding the good things within and others want to follow the sequence of the topic from the beginning up to the end.
The second thing is to evaluate the learner's performance in terms of achieving educational objectives. The teacher as the facilitator should evaluate the performance so that he/she can know where the point was not clear to the learners and also to know if they can utilize the knowledge given in their daily life.
There are about three aspects which should be considered in the education technology;
There should be an input which involves the provision skills of teaching and awareness of teaching and training methods.
Another thing is a process whereby it generates situation for presenting the subject matter systematically. Here it is the ability of using the available tools for acquiring the knowledge for example projectors, computers etc.
The last thing which is obviously is the output; here it includes mainly the terminal behaviour of the activities which have been done and how the learner has been changed. It clarifies on how the objectives have been reached through the content. The learners should show the changes after learning certain content.
Conclusion:
Education technology is very important in our life especially in the developing countries. For example by considering the computers in the learning process it helps the learners to gain different skills from around the world rather than sticking to what the teacher teaches.
Moreover this should be kept seriously since in case used wrongly can totally spoil the learners and increase the number of failures/unskilled people in the society.
Well, it very nice presentation given by Mr. Bahati Sanga on Friday April 25, 2009 concerning education technology. This task were to be done by Mr Sanga and Austin, unfortunately Mr. Austin was having some excuse so he was not around.
Introduction:
Education technology is the way of identifying, solving and facilitating learning process by using the available resources/tools. The education technology should not be mixed with technological education. In the education, the main goal is to teach the knowledge and techniques on developing technologically. These two things are quite different; technological education is the situation where by education is used to build up tools for education like machines etc.
Education technology has got so many objectives but here I am going to site to only some of them which are the most important in the human life and in the learning process. The first important thing which should be noted down first is to analyze the characteristics of the learner. That is some learners need to be given the overview of the content and then start finding the good things within and others want to follow the sequence of the topic from the beginning up to the end.
The second thing is to evaluate the learner's performance in terms of achieving educational objectives. The teacher as the facilitator should evaluate the performance so that he/she can know where the point was not clear to the learners and also to know if they can utilize the knowledge given in their daily life.
There are about three aspects which should be considered in the education technology;
There should be an input which involves the provision skills of teaching and awareness of teaching and training methods.
Another thing is a process whereby it generates situation for presenting the subject matter systematically. Here it is the ability of using the available tools for acquiring the knowledge for example projectors, computers etc.
The last thing which is obviously is the output; here it includes mainly the terminal behaviour of the activities which have been done and how the learner has been changed. It clarifies on how the objectives have been reached through the content. The learners should show the changes after learning certain content.
Conclusion:
Education technology is very important in our life especially in the developing countries. For example by considering the computers in the learning process it helps the learners to gain different skills from around the world rather than sticking to what the teacher teaches.
Moreover this should be kept seriously since in case used wrongly can totally spoil the learners and increase the number of failures/unskilled people in the society.
Thursday, 23 April 2009
IMAGE COMPRESSION:
Introduction:
The image taken by the normal digital camera is 100megabites. This size is very big in case if you want to use these images in the website or even attaching through the email. By introducing the knowledge of image compression these things is very possible and easy.
By considering the knowledge given by Mr. Justine Ngimba and Zuwena Mgova on Monday 20th/April/2009 through their class presentation, at least most of us now know we have knowledge of image compression. Their presentation was very good and attractive since they were showing on how to compress the larger images to smaller images of different sizes.
The image compression is the process of reducing the size of the data files from large files to smaller files without losing the information. This image compression is very important in since it makes quick transferring of images through the network, also serves the space in the storage devices e.g. hard disk and movable storage devices and also it serves time in the process of image downloading and uploading.
There are different types of image formats depends on the intended use of the image. These image formats includes;
Conclusion:By using image compression we can easily upload and download image files. Also it is possible to attach many images in the emails without facing any difficulties during uploading and downloading.
The image taken by the normal digital camera is 100megabites. This size is very big in case if you want to use these images in the website or even attaching through the email. By introducing the knowledge of image compression these things is very possible and easy.
By considering the knowledge given by Mr. Justine Ngimba and Zuwena Mgova on Monday 20th/April/2009 through their class presentation, at least most of us now know we have knowledge of image compression. Their presentation was very good and attractive since they were showing on how to compress the larger images to smaller images of different sizes.
The image compression is the process of reducing the size of the data files from large files to smaller files without losing the information. This image compression is very important in since it makes quick transferring of images through the network, also serves the space in the storage devices e.g. hard disk and movable storage devices and also it serves time in the process of image downloading and uploading.
There are different types of image formats depends on the intended use of the image. These image formats includes;
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) GIF (Graphical Interchange Format) PNG (Portable network graphics) BMP (Bitmap). As IT professionals we have to be familiar with all these types of images so that we can work with any kind of images without facing any difficulties. Something we have to bear in mind is that image compression can only be done in the original image and not the compressed one and also do not save to the new format if you think you need to go on compressing image.
Conclusion:By using image compression we can easily upload and download image files. Also it is possible to attach many images in the emails without facing any difficulties during uploading and downloading.
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