Thursday, 14 May 2009
Wednesday, 6 May 2009
Database Management System (DBMS) ProjectSQL SELECT Statement
Project on Database Management System(DBMS)
This week the task which is facing me and my group in general is to prepare a University website where by the students who want to apply to the University can apply online. Here the students are required to put their personal information, academic background/information, employment information incase there is and also the program/course the applicant applying for.
The students in our class have prepared different topic in this project for example the University library where the student can read (only registered) have the access to read the books anywhere. Here the students will be required to put his/her user name which already given and the admission number and all these should be accompanied with the password for security purposes. Other group discuss on Tanzanian Education Network and other group their project is based in Registration Process in Secondary School.
This week the task which is facing me and my group in general is to prepare a University website where by the students who want to apply to the University can apply online. Here the students are required to put their personal information, academic background/information, employment information incase there is and also the program/course the applicant applying for.
The students in our class have prepared different topic in this project for example the University library where the student can read (only registered) have the access to read the books anywhere. Here the students will be required to put his/her user name which already given and the admission number and all these should be accompanied with the password for security purposes. Other group discuss on Tanzanian Education Network and other group their project is based in Registration Process in Secondary School.
Saturday, 2 May 2009
USABILITY ENGINEERING AND HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION:
Introduction:
This Topic was presented by Mr. Innocent Kihaka and Mr. Side S. Side. Actually to my opinions I can say it was the best presentation among the best presentations which have already presented.
Before going deeper to this topic let us have a look on some important terminologies which used in this topic which might confuse sometimes if not used well.
Usability; This usability means that something can be very easy to use but not necessary to be usefully. It is normally user friendly.
Usefulness; Usefulness means that something is very useful but it is very difficult to use i.e. not user friendly.
Why this UE and HCI?
Many years ago people were struggling on how to improve the efficient of the machine. The research made at that time showed that in order the efficient of the machine the computer users were diverse and there was a need of human interactive system. Over some years the ICT has developed into discipline/field in its own right.
By so doing they were intending to increase the productivity as its work force is more productive. Also decreases training and supportive costs as well as increasing the customer satisfaction and decreases technophobia. However they succeed to some extent since they reduces disastrous and fatal errors in the system which are dangerous to human life.
In fact they advanced a lot in designing products. They were having to approaches of designing products; the Product Centered Design and the User Centered Design. The product centered design is the means of producing products without caring the need of the user and the user centered design is the design by which the designing process usually considering the needs of the user. This style of designing proved to be efficient than the product centered. Here the user used to command the machine to do what the user needs and not the user do what the machine needs.
The user centered approach proved to have the following advantages based on the user; It is easy to learn and to use as well (Learn ability), it is supportive to products in carrying out a certain task (efficiency), also it is easy to memorize how the system is used once it has been learned. In addition to that, the user centered approach is safe and protecting the user from dangerous undesirable situations, it is entertaining and the most important thing is that it motivates by encouraging the user to continue working with it.
Difficulties of the User Centered Approach;
Since the user centered approach requires the suggestions from users, it is difficult to get the clear information especially from unskilled people. Also it needs large amount of in of fund in developing new products, very difficult to build a system which is suitable for all types of users and their needs.
UE and HCI are very important to human life especially in the world of today whereby computers are the great tool for facilitating the human work. In order to decrease the digital divide to our societies, computer products should be decreased the cost but still meet the intended quality. Also they should be made in such a way that they can be used in different groups of people no matter their level of professional i.e. layman can use them effectively.
This Topic was presented by Mr. Innocent Kihaka and Mr. Side S. Side. Actually to my opinions I can say it was the best presentation among the best presentations which have already presented.
Before going deeper to this topic let us have a look on some important terminologies which used in this topic which might confuse sometimes if not used well.
Usability; This usability means that something can be very easy to use but not necessary to be usefully. It is normally user friendly.
Usefulness; Usefulness means that something is very useful but it is very difficult to use i.e. not user friendly.
Why this UE and HCI?
Many years ago people were struggling on how to improve the efficient of the machine. The research made at that time showed that in order the efficient of the machine the computer users were diverse and there was a need of human interactive system. Over some years the ICT has developed into discipline/field in its own right.
By so doing they were intending to increase the productivity as its work force is more productive. Also decreases training and supportive costs as well as increasing the customer satisfaction and decreases technophobia. However they succeed to some extent since they reduces disastrous and fatal errors in the system which are dangerous to human life.
In fact they advanced a lot in designing products. They were having to approaches of designing products; the Product Centered Design and the User Centered Design. The product centered design is the means of producing products without caring the need of the user and the user centered design is the design by which the designing process usually considering the needs of the user. This style of designing proved to be efficient than the product centered. Here the user used to command the machine to do what the user needs and not the user do what the machine needs.
The user centered approach proved to have the following advantages based on the user; It is easy to learn and to use as well (Learn ability), it is supportive to products in carrying out a certain task (efficiency), also it is easy to memorize how the system is used once it has been learned. In addition to that, the user centered approach is safe and protecting the user from dangerous undesirable situations, it is entertaining and the most important thing is that it motivates by encouraging the user to continue working with it.
Difficulties of the User Centered Approach;
Since the user centered approach requires the suggestions from users, it is difficult to get the clear information especially from unskilled people. Also it needs large amount of in of fund in developing new products, very difficult to build a system which is suitable for all types of users and their needs.
UE and HCI are very important to human life especially in the world of today whereby computers are the great tool for facilitating the human work. In order to decrease the digital divide to our societies, computer products should be decreased the cost but still meet the intended quality. Also they should be made in such a way that they can be used in different groups of people no matter their level of professional i.e. layman can use them effectively.
Sunday, 26 April 2009
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
Well, it very nice presentation given by Mr. Bahati Sanga on Friday April 25, 2009 concerning education technology. This task were to be done by Mr Sanga and Austin, unfortunately Mr. Austin was having some excuse so he was not around.
Introduction:
Education technology is the way of identifying, solving and facilitating learning process by using the available resources/tools. The education technology should not be mixed with technological education. In the education, the main goal is to teach the knowledge and techniques on developing technologically. These two things are quite different; technological education is the situation where by education is used to build up tools for education like machines etc.
Education technology has got so many objectives but here I am going to site to only some of them which are the most important in the human life and in the learning process. The first important thing which should be noted down first is to analyze the characteristics of the learner. That is some learners need to be given the overview of the content and then start finding the good things within and others want to follow the sequence of the topic from the beginning up to the end.
The second thing is to evaluate the learner's performance in terms of achieving educational objectives. The teacher as the facilitator should evaluate the performance so that he/she can know where the point was not clear to the learners and also to know if they can utilize the knowledge given in their daily life.
There are about three aspects which should be considered in the education technology;
There should be an input which involves the provision skills of teaching and awareness of teaching and training methods.
Another thing is a process whereby it generates situation for presenting the subject matter systematically. Here it is the ability of using the available tools for acquiring the knowledge for example projectors, computers etc.
The last thing which is obviously is the output; here it includes mainly the terminal behaviour of the activities which have been done and how the learner has been changed. It clarifies on how the objectives have been reached through the content. The learners should show the changes after learning certain content.
Conclusion:
Education technology is very important in our life especially in the developing countries. For example by considering the computers in the learning process it helps the learners to gain different skills from around the world rather than sticking to what the teacher teaches.
Moreover this should be kept seriously since in case used wrongly can totally spoil the learners and increase the number of failures/unskilled people in the society.
Well, it very nice presentation given by Mr. Bahati Sanga on Friday April 25, 2009 concerning education technology. This task were to be done by Mr Sanga and Austin, unfortunately Mr. Austin was having some excuse so he was not around.
Introduction:
Education technology is the way of identifying, solving and facilitating learning process by using the available resources/tools. The education technology should not be mixed with technological education. In the education, the main goal is to teach the knowledge and techniques on developing technologically. These two things are quite different; technological education is the situation where by education is used to build up tools for education like machines etc.
Education technology has got so many objectives but here I am going to site to only some of them which are the most important in the human life and in the learning process. The first important thing which should be noted down first is to analyze the characteristics of the learner. That is some learners need to be given the overview of the content and then start finding the good things within and others want to follow the sequence of the topic from the beginning up to the end.
The second thing is to evaluate the learner's performance in terms of achieving educational objectives. The teacher as the facilitator should evaluate the performance so that he/she can know where the point was not clear to the learners and also to know if they can utilize the knowledge given in their daily life.
There are about three aspects which should be considered in the education technology;
There should be an input which involves the provision skills of teaching and awareness of teaching and training methods.
Another thing is a process whereby it generates situation for presenting the subject matter systematically. Here it is the ability of using the available tools for acquiring the knowledge for example projectors, computers etc.
The last thing which is obviously is the output; here it includes mainly the terminal behaviour of the activities which have been done and how the learner has been changed. It clarifies on how the objectives have been reached through the content. The learners should show the changes after learning certain content.
Conclusion:
Education technology is very important in our life especially in the developing countries. For example by considering the computers in the learning process it helps the learners to gain different skills from around the world rather than sticking to what the teacher teaches.
Moreover this should be kept seriously since in case used wrongly can totally spoil the learners and increase the number of failures/unskilled people in the society.
Thursday, 23 April 2009
IMAGE COMPRESSION:
Introduction:
The image taken by the normal digital camera is 100megabites. This size is very big in case if you want to use these images in the website or even attaching through the email. By introducing the knowledge of image compression these things is very possible and easy.
By considering the knowledge given by Mr. Justine Ngimba and Zuwena Mgova on Monday 20th/April/2009 through their class presentation, at least most of us now know we have knowledge of image compression. Their presentation was very good and attractive since they were showing on how to compress the larger images to smaller images of different sizes.
The image compression is the process of reducing the size of the data files from large files to smaller files without losing the information. This image compression is very important in since it makes quick transferring of images through the network, also serves the space in the storage devices e.g. hard disk and movable storage devices and also it serves time in the process of image downloading and uploading.
There are different types of image formats depends on the intended use of the image. These image formats includes;
Conclusion:By using image compression we can easily upload and download image files. Also it is possible to attach many images in the emails without facing any difficulties during uploading and downloading.
The image taken by the normal digital camera is 100megabites. This size is very big in case if you want to use these images in the website or even attaching through the email. By introducing the knowledge of image compression these things is very possible and easy.
By considering the knowledge given by Mr. Justine Ngimba and Zuwena Mgova on Monday 20th/April/2009 through their class presentation, at least most of us now know we have knowledge of image compression. Their presentation was very good and attractive since they were showing on how to compress the larger images to smaller images of different sizes.
The image compression is the process of reducing the size of the data files from large files to smaller files without losing the information. This image compression is very important in since it makes quick transferring of images through the network, also serves the space in the storage devices e.g. hard disk and movable storage devices and also it serves time in the process of image downloading and uploading.
There are different types of image formats depends on the intended use of the image. These image formats includes;
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) GIF (Graphical Interchange Format) PNG (Portable network graphics) BMP (Bitmap). As IT professionals we have to be familiar with all these types of images so that we can work with any kind of images without facing any difficulties. Something we have to bear in mind is that image compression can only be done in the original image and not the compressed one and also do not save to the new format if you think you need to go on compressing image.
Conclusion:By using image compression we can easily upload and download image files. Also it is possible to attach many images in the emails without facing any difficulties during uploading and downloading.
Sunday, 19 April 2009
DATA MINING
AIntroduction: very interesting topic was introduced as the presentation work by Mr. Remmy Kaaro together with Mr. Joshua Shendu. The topic was all about knowledge discovery. They explained a lot about how to extract hidden information from different resources. They actually gave a good presentation which was understandable to us.
By definition, data mining is the process of extracting and analyzing large amounts of information in order to find important data from different hidden sources as well as summarizing them into simple information that can be identified easily.
They explained several forms of data mining; Relation data mining, text mining, Audio mining, image data mining, web data mining and video data mining. All these were showing on how to extract the data from many different sources.
There are specifically three stages of data mining which are;Exploration:This stage usually starts with data preparation which involves cleaning data and data transformation.Model building and validation:This stage involves considering various models and choosing the best one based on their predictive performance.Deployment:This is the last stage which organizes and presents the knowledge gained in a way that the customer can use it, usually involves the use of the model selected as best in the previous stage and applying it to new data in order to generate predictions or estimates of the expected outcomes.
There are several advantages of this data mining; here are some of themIn banking: The bank analyzes the information and it can advertise certain products to one group while advertising different products to another group.Marking, researchers and reinforcement.
Regarding of the advantages of data mining still there are some disadvantages which is very bad incase the technology used wrongly. We have:Security issues; It needs the high quality security any leakage of information can cause problems.Misuse of information; if happens the information to leak, then it can be used sometimes in criminal matters and also use the information to harm other people because of their wealth records. Privacy issues; there are some issues which people do not want them to be known as public issues so the information should be kept hidden always.
Conclusion:Data mining is just a better solution and sometimes can act as a cure for certain types of problems in the daily life of human being.
By definition, data mining is the process of extracting and analyzing large amounts of information in order to find important data from different hidden sources as well as summarizing them into simple information that can be identified easily.
They explained several forms of data mining; Relation data mining, text mining, Audio mining, image data mining, web data mining and video data mining. All these were showing on how to extract the data from many different sources.
There are specifically three stages of data mining which are;Exploration:This stage usually starts with data preparation which involves cleaning data and data transformation.Model building and validation:This stage involves considering various models and choosing the best one based on their predictive performance.Deployment:This is the last stage which organizes and presents the knowledge gained in a way that the customer can use it, usually involves the use of the model selected as best in the previous stage and applying it to new data in order to generate predictions or estimates of the expected outcomes.
There are several advantages of this data mining; here are some of themIn banking: The bank analyzes the information and it can advertise certain products to one group while advertising different products to another group.Marking, researchers and reinforcement.
Regarding of the advantages of data mining still there are some disadvantages which is very bad incase the technology used wrongly. We have:Security issues; It needs the high quality security any leakage of information can cause problems.Misuse of information; if happens the information to leak, then it can be used sometimes in criminal matters and also use the information to harm other people because of their wealth records. Privacy issues; there are some issues which people do not want them to be known as public issues so the information should be kept hidden always.
Conclusion:Data mining is just a better solution and sometimes can act as a cure for certain types of problems in the daily life of human being.
Wednesday, 8 April 2009
SPEAKER RECOGNITION
SPEAKER RECOGNITIO is the human identity system based on the voice analysis. Human being is able to identify someone simply by his/her voice. Within few seconds of speech it can be quite enough to identify the voice which is familiar with.
Speaker Recognition can be simply defined as automatic recognizing who is speaking based on his/her voice. Here the machine is treated in such a way that it can understand the voice of one people or a certain group of people and being able to identify them from any other people.
There are mainly two classes of speaker recognition which are very often used.
The first one is “Speaker Verification”. This speaker verification is the process of accepting or rejecting the voice of the user/speaker, this is the simpler one since the machine/computer is just verifies the single user if he/she is the correct user.
The second is the “Speaker Identification”. This speaker identification is the process of identifying a single people among a group of “n” people. This process is somehow complicated since the machine is required to identify which registered user provides given information at that time. It means that there are multiple users who have been registered to that machine so each should be identified and being accepted and use the machine.
There are several advantages of having this knowledge of speaker recognition, but here I am going to site on the most three important.
Speaker recognition for security purposes; for keeping our machine safe we have to put some restriction in such a way that only permitted users will have the access to the machine and not otherwise. This is much better comparing with the use of password and PIN which can easily get lost and sometimes people can still and get access to the machine easily something which is very hard for the case of voice recognition.
The speaker recognition also helps much in control of the restricted services such as banking by telephone, information services and also in voice dialing together with security control of confidential information whereby the required identification is voice. Another thing which is very important in the speaker recognition is in the military services where the machine can be commanded only by the voice of the commander by only talking into the microphone for example “shoot” then the machine start shooting. So this technique of speaker recognition can make people to do multiple works at a time.
The mechanisms on how this system works is somehow complicated since it involves the complex mathematics. But anyway I am going to give just a brief on how the system works. Actually the speaker speaks to the microphone and then the voice is converted to analogy speech signals which is then converted to digital signals and stored as binary words. So the machine can simply identify voice of a speaker by comparing the stored voice and the current voice already in the machine.
Though the speaker recognition system seems to be a better solution for the case of security purposes but still there are some failures which normally people are facing. Most people are facing many problem in this technology, but the three of them are the most common, first is failing to determine the correct unit of recognition i.e. exactly words/phrase, the second is the boundaries of these units for example the voice pitch-high/low and pronunciation of words. The third one is variation in units of speech whereby many people are failing to produce the same voice as the one used in the registration process.
Otherwise the speaker recognition technique is so good and it can improve the security of our properties.
Speaker Recognition can be simply defined as automatic recognizing who is speaking based on his/her voice. Here the machine is treated in such a way that it can understand the voice of one people or a certain group of people and being able to identify them from any other people.
There are mainly two classes of speaker recognition which are very often used.
The first one is “Speaker Verification”. This speaker verification is the process of accepting or rejecting the voice of the user/speaker, this is the simpler one since the machine/computer is just verifies the single user if he/she is the correct user.
The second is the “Speaker Identification”. This speaker identification is the process of identifying a single people among a group of “n” people. This process is somehow complicated since the machine is required to identify which registered user provides given information at that time. It means that there are multiple users who have been registered to that machine so each should be identified and being accepted and use the machine.
There are several advantages of having this knowledge of speaker recognition, but here I am going to site on the most three important.
Speaker recognition for security purposes; for keeping our machine safe we have to put some restriction in such a way that only permitted users will have the access to the machine and not otherwise. This is much better comparing with the use of password and PIN which can easily get lost and sometimes people can still and get access to the machine easily something which is very hard for the case of voice recognition.
The speaker recognition also helps much in control of the restricted services such as banking by telephone, information services and also in voice dialing together with security control of confidential information whereby the required identification is voice. Another thing which is very important in the speaker recognition is in the military services where the machine can be commanded only by the voice of the commander by only talking into the microphone for example “shoot” then the machine start shooting. So this technique of speaker recognition can make people to do multiple works at a time.
The mechanisms on how this system works is somehow complicated since it involves the complex mathematics. But anyway I am going to give just a brief on how the system works. Actually the speaker speaks to the microphone and then the voice is converted to analogy speech signals which is then converted to digital signals and stored as binary words. So the machine can simply identify voice of a speaker by comparing the stored voice and the current voice already in the machine.
Though the speaker recognition system seems to be a better solution for the case of security purposes but still there are some failures which normally people are facing. Most people are facing many problem in this technology, but the three of them are the most common, first is failing to determine the correct unit of recognition i.e. exactly words/phrase, the second is the boundaries of these units for example the voice pitch-high/low and pronunciation of words. The third one is variation in units of speech whereby many people are failing to produce the same voice as the one used in the registration process.
Otherwise the speaker recognition technique is so good and it can improve the security of our properties.
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