AIntroduction: very interesting topic was introduced as the presentation work by Mr. Remmy Kaaro together with Mr. Joshua Shendu. The topic was all about knowledge discovery. They explained a lot about how to extract hidden information from different resources. They actually gave a good presentation which was understandable to us.
By definition, data mining is the process of extracting and analyzing large amounts of information in order to find important data from different hidden sources as well as summarizing them into simple information that can be identified easily.
They explained several forms of data mining; Relation data mining, text mining, Audio mining, image data mining, web data mining and video data mining. All these were showing on how to extract the data from many different sources.
There are specifically three stages of data mining which are;Exploration:This stage usually starts with data preparation which involves cleaning data and data transformation.Model building and validation:This stage involves considering various models and choosing the best one based on their predictive performance.Deployment:This is the last stage which organizes and presents the knowledge gained in a way that the customer can use it, usually involves the use of the model selected as best in the previous stage and applying it to new data in order to generate predictions or estimates of the expected outcomes.
There are several advantages of this data mining; here are some of themIn banking: The bank analyzes the information and it can advertise certain products to one group while advertising different products to another group.Marking, researchers and reinforcement.
Regarding of the advantages of data mining still there are some disadvantages which is very bad incase the technology used wrongly. We have:Security issues; It needs the high quality security any leakage of information can cause problems.Misuse of information; if happens the information to leak, then it can be used sometimes in criminal matters and also use the information to harm other people because of their wealth records. Privacy issues; there are some issues which people do not want them to be known as public issues so the information should be kept hidden always.
Conclusion:Data mining is just a better solution and sometimes can act as a cure for certain types of problems in the daily life of human being.
Sunday, 19 April 2009
Wednesday, 8 April 2009
SPEAKER RECOGNITION
SPEAKER RECOGNITIO is the human identity system based on the voice analysis. Human being is able to identify someone simply by his/her voice. Within few seconds of speech it can be quite enough to identify the voice which is familiar with.
Speaker Recognition can be simply defined as automatic recognizing who is speaking based on his/her voice. Here the machine is treated in such a way that it can understand the voice of one people or a certain group of people and being able to identify them from any other people.
There are mainly two classes of speaker recognition which are very often used.
The first one is “Speaker Verification”. This speaker verification is the process of accepting or rejecting the voice of the user/speaker, this is the simpler one since the machine/computer is just verifies the single user if he/she is the correct user.
The second is the “Speaker Identification”. This speaker identification is the process of identifying a single people among a group of “n” people. This process is somehow complicated since the machine is required to identify which registered user provides given information at that time. It means that there are multiple users who have been registered to that machine so each should be identified and being accepted and use the machine.
There are several advantages of having this knowledge of speaker recognition, but here I am going to site on the most three important.
Speaker recognition for security purposes; for keeping our machine safe we have to put some restriction in such a way that only permitted users will have the access to the machine and not otherwise. This is much better comparing with the use of password and PIN which can easily get lost and sometimes people can still and get access to the machine easily something which is very hard for the case of voice recognition.
The speaker recognition also helps much in control of the restricted services such as banking by telephone, information services and also in voice dialing together with security control of confidential information whereby the required identification is voice. Another thing which is very important in the speaker recognition is in the military services where the machine can be commanded only by the voice of the commander by only talking into the microphone for example “shoot” then the machine start shooting. So this technique of speaker recognition can make people to do multiple works at a time.
The mechanisms on how this system works is somehow complicated since it involves the complex mathematics. But anyway I am going to give just a brief on how the system works. Actually the speaker speaks to the microphone and then the voice is converted to analogy speech signals which is then converted to digital signals and stored as binary words. So the machine can simply identify voice of a speaker by comparing the stored voice and the current voice already in the machine.
Though the speaker recognition system seems to be a better solution for the case of security purposes but still there are some failures which normally people are facing. Most people are facing many problem in this technology, but the three of them are the most common, first is failing to determine the correct unit of recognition i.e. exactly words/phrase, the second is the boundaries of these units for example the voice pitch-high/low and pronunciation of words. The third one is variation in units of speech whereby many people are failing to produce the same voice as the one used in the registration process.
Otherwise the speaker recognition technique is so good and it can improve the security of our properties.
Speaker Recognition can be simply defined as automatic recognizing who is speaking based on his/her voice. Here the machine is treated in such a way that it can understand the voice of one people or a certain group of people and being able to identify them from any other people.
There are mainly two classes of speaker recognition which are very often used.
The first one is “Speaker Verification”. This speaker verification is the process of accepting or rejecting the voice of the user/speaker, this is the simpler one since the machine/computer is just verifies the single user if he/she is the correct user.
The second is the “Speaker Identification”. This speaker identification is the process of identifying a single people among a group of “n” people. This process is somehow complicated since the machine is required to identify which registered user provides given information at that time. It means that there are multiple users who have been registered to that machine so each should be identified and being accepted and use the machine.
There are several advantages of having this knowledge of speaker recognition, but here I am going to site on the most three important.
Speaker recognition for security purposes; for keeping our machine safe we have to put some restriction in such a way that only permitted users will have the access to the machine and not otherwise. This is much better comparing with the use of password and PIN which can easily get lost and sometimes people can still and get access to the machine easily something which is very hard for the case of voice recognition.
The speaker recognition also helps much in control of the restricted services such as banking by telephone, information services and also in voice dialing together with security control of confidential information whereby the required identification is voice. Another thing which is very important in the speaker recognition is in the military services where the machine can be commanded only by the voice of the commander by only talking into the microphone for example “shoot” then the machine start shooting. So this technique of speaker recognition can make people to do multiple works at a time.
The mechanisms on how this system works is somehow complicated since it involves the complex mathematics. But anyway I am going to give just a brief on how the system works. Actually the speaker speaks to the microphone and then the voice is converted to analogy speech signals which is then converted to digital signals and stored as binary words. So the machine can simply identify voice of a speaker by comparing the stored voice and the current voice already in the machine.
Though the speaker recognition system seems to be a better solution for the case of security purposes but still there are some failures which normally people are facing. Most people are facing many problem in this technology, but the three of them are the most common, first is failing to determine the correct unit of recognition i.e. exactly words/phrase, the second is the boundaries of these units for example the voice pitch-high/low and pronunciation of words. The third one is variation in units of speech whereby many people are failing to produce the same voice as the one used in the registration process.
Otherwise the speaker recognition technique is so good and it can improve the security of our properties.
AUTOMATIC ESSAY ASSESSMENT.
Automatic essay assessment;
Automatic essay assessment is the process of evaluating the essay work by using the electronic machine like computers. A computer itself have no ability to do all these instead there is a special software which is purposely for marking and evaluating essay work.
After some years of study, the researchers made a research on how they can improve and simplify the essay work so that the essay work can be marked accurately and being graded according to the nature of the work. So the researchers made a project which was able to measure the total number of words as well as the length of the essay.
The intentions of these researchers were lying on mainly four things; to avoid plagiarism, to improve marking consistency, to analyze learning outcome/evaluation and to determine the grade.
The first one was to avoid plagiarisms among the learners. Marking the essay work manually is quite difficult for the markers to identify if the work has been copied from somebody else or not. So the automatic essay assessment is the better solution in fighting with plagiarism.
The second importance of this automatic essay assessment is to improve the marking consistency. This helps both teachers and learners to be in the safe position i.e. for the case of teachers/markers no biers can be made to students for example giving different grades to the essays of the same quality. Also students should be very creative so as to avoid cheating which will lead them to the low grade. So this is the challenge to both students and teachers since the process looks the qualities of the student’s work and not comparison of the essay with others.
The third thing which is important is to make the evaluation, this automatic essay assessment automatically check the essay work, mark it and the fourth one is to provide the grades according to the nature of the essay given.
Although the automatic essay assessment has got many advantages, but still there are some failures which accompanied by this system. Well in some cases the system can lead into misunderstanding among the learners since if the teacher/marker of the essay work fails to analyze things to be checked during marking process the machine/ computer will produce grades which are irrelevant.
Lastly, the system can only be applicable to the connected people, which mean it can only be used in very few institutions simply because the system won’t work in stand alone computer, the computer should be connected to the internet.
Automatic essay assessment is the process of evaluating the essay work by using the electronic machine like computers. A computer itself have no ability to do all these instead there is a special software which is purposely for marking and evaluating essay work.
After some years of study, the researchers made a research on how they can improve and simplify the essay work so that the essay work can be marked accurately and being graded according to the nature of the work. So the researchers made a project which was able to measure the total number of words as well as the length of the essay.
The intentions of these researchers were lying on mainly four things; to avoid plagiarism, to improve marking consistency, to analyze learning outcome/evaluation and to determine the grade.
The first one was to avoid plagiarisms among the learners. Marking the essay work manually is quite difficult for the markers to identify if the work has been copied from somebody else or not. So the automatic essay assessment is the better solution in fighting with plagiarism.
The second importance of this automatic essay assessment is to improve the marking consistency. This helps both teachers and learners to be in the safe position i.e. for the case of teachers/markers no biers can be made to students for example giving different grades to the essays of the same quality. Also students should be very creative so as to avoid cheating which will lead them to the low grade. So this is the challenge to both students and teachers since the process looks the qualities of the student’s work and not comparison of the essay with others.
The third thing which is important is to make the evaluation, this automatic essay assessment automatically check the essay work, mark it and the fourth one is to provide the grades according to the nature of the essay given.
Although the automatic essay assessment has got many advantages, but still there are some failures which accompanied by this system. Well in some cases the system can lead into misunderstanding among the learners since if the teacher/marker of the essay work fails to analyze things to be checked during marking process the machine/ computer will produce grades which are irrelevant.
Lastly, the system can only be applicable to the connected people, which mean it can only be used in very few institutions simply because the system won’t work in stand alone computer, the computer should be connected to the internet.
Thursday, 2 April 2009
CRYPTOGRAPHY.
Cryptography;This is the system of hiding texts. A science of encrypting and decrypting information in the form of text is the one so called cryptography. This topic is very important since it can be used in the security purposes for example in the provision of data confidentiality, integrity and electronic signatures.
The very interesting thing in this topic is about “Enigma”; this enigma is a type of cryptographic machine developed and used by Germany during the war especially in the World War II. The Germany military force used this machine to encrypt whatever the conversations they made with their troops so that no one else can understand whatever they were planning to do. By this technique they advanced a lot until the British scientist man Alan Touring came out with the machine which decrypted the codes made by this enigma machine.
In fact the discussion on this topic was good and it was very understandable to me. Since then I was able to know the common types of cryptography and the importance of them. There are several ways of classifying cryptography but in our discussion we sited on the two common types of cryptography based on number of keys employed for encrypting and decrypting namely “Secret key Cryptography” and the “Public Key Cryptography”.The secret key Cryptograph is the one which is common to us since the key used for encrypting is the same as the one used for decrypting for example in our daily life we use the same key for closing and opening things the same applied for this matter of locking and unlocking.
The interesting one is this is the public key cryptography were different keys are used for locking and unlocking the data. It is somehow difficult to make the imagination on how one key can be used for locking and another key used for unlocking data. In normal situation is difficult but for the case of computer it is quite easy. What is done here is that the data can be unlocked by a dedicated person only and no reply can be done since the key for unlocking can not be used for locking.
Although the cryptograph is very important to our life especially in the security purposes but there are some challenges which face the situation of hiding the data and information. Crackers are the worriers of the cryptograph, they tend to break the codes and read whatever is written. Also in other side to perform this thing it needs a skilled person whereby the connected people take the advantage.
Monday, 16 March 2009
Research Field in Computer Science.
Today I have started my Diary (Learning Review) on the Research Field of computer Science and I wish to finish it at the end of this semester i.e from today 16Th March 2009 up to around June 2009. I know that it is going to be a tough activity but I have to commit myself and consider this diary as my closest friend to which everything I do should be shared with my diary.
I promise to share with you all the points of view I got from different books and different authors which will lead me to improve my education level especially in this field of Computer Science. You! who viewing this blog I wish you will never laugh at me when I do foolish things, instead you will put a comment which will help me in correcting the mistakes I have made.
I will make sure that whatever I do is profitable to me and the majority who visit this blog. In this research I will base much in the part called "Speaker Recognition". From this speaker recognition you are expecting to have answered questions like "What is Speaker Recognition? Why this speaker recognition? Where to apply this thing? How to use this thing ? and other questions which will be answered as we proceed.
I promise to share with you all the points of view I got from different books and different authors which will lead me to improve my education level especially in this field of Computer Science. You! who viewing this blog I wish you will never laugh at me when I do foolish things, instead you will put a comment which will help me in correcting the mistakes I have made.
I will make sure that whatever I do is profitable to me and the majority who visit this blog. In this research I will base much in the part called "Speaker Recognition". From this speaker recognition you are expecting to have answered questions like "What is Speaker Recognition? Why this speaker recognition? Where to apply this thing? How to use this thing ? and other questions which will be answered as we proceed.
Sunday, 8 March 2009
Computing with Society
Computing with Society
I decided to talk about Africa especially Tanzania because I know much about the culture of these people. I am real African, I was born in Africa and grown up in Africa in the very local village so I can explain much the difficulties the African societies are facing the this field of computing.We face these difficulties simply because of the low capital or fund which can help use to wake from the deep sleep we are now. In fact we are poor not only in capital but also in knowledge, I can say it is better to be poor in fund or capital rather than being poor in knowledge. You know in this African continent we have so many resources like minerals etc, but the problem is the proper utilization of the resources we have. Why this? I still asking myself.But may be to some extent you can have the answer, poor knowledge we have is the concrete reason and others then follows. Can you imagine that most of the African families study up to the university level without use a computer or even sometimes to see it? This is real wonderful! we are expecting these student to compete with those from Europe for example who starts using computers from the primary school. Automatically, we will be behind.
I decided to talk about Africa especially Tanzania because I know much about the culture of these people. I am real African, I was born in Africa and grown up in Africa in the very local village so I can explain much the difficulties the African societies are facing the this field of computing.We face these difficulties simply because of the low capital or fund which can help use to wake from the deep sleep we are now. In fact we are poor not only in capital but also in knowledge, I can say it is better to be poor in fund or capital rather than being poor in knowledge. You know in this African continent we have so many resources like minerals etc, but the problem is the proper utilization of the resources we have. Why this? I still asking myself.But may be to some extent you can have the answer, poor knowledge we have is the concrete reason and others then follows. Can you imagine that most of the African families study up to the university level without use a computer or even sometimes to see it? This is real wonderful! we are expecting these student to compete with those from Europe for example who starts using computers from the primary school. Automatically, we will be behind.
Saturday, 17 January 2009
Why your married is so stubborn?
There is only one thing which can make your married to be staborn, can you guess what is it? I hope you are now discussing with your mind even together with your friends, but let me help you. Ohhh!....... I have forgoten, just wait till next time.....
Aaah, the thing which you are thinking of is a "TONGUE".
This tongue is a very small part of the human body but it can lead things to be in a difficult situation . From the tongue people are blessed or cursed. The tongue can bring success or failure.
Therefore the tongue is a single matchstick that can destroy a hundred tress in the forest. It is also like the small helm which controls the direction of a very huge ship.
For that reason, it is important for one to make a careful choice of one's words to avoid failure of toruble.
The marrital life is one area where a carful choice of words is important. This is the topic which I prefer today because many people are having some problems in their families without knowing the source of those problems. Now watch out.
As a life plant which needs much attention for its growth, marriage needs watering not by water but with sweet words.
Married people should remember the language they used during courtship and use sweet words which is what is pleasant to the ears. Many people forget this soon after marriege. Words like
"Darling! Sweet heart! You are my everything! Without you life is nothing. I love you from the bottom of my heart!"This might be a difficult exercise which could only be maintained at the time of courtship. Sometimes you had to be dramatic or poetic but it did not matter to you as long as it brought you succcess. But after your marriage your "sweet heart" has become a good for nothing woman. What is the reason?
It is advisable to be cautious before you blame men for changing titles of their wives and calling them nasty names because this treatment is determined by the love the spouses have for each other. The wives shouldn't relax and sit back after marriage, complacent that now, having discarded their maiden names, they are wearing nice wedding rings and have assumed new names reflective of their present respectable status.
Thank you for visiting my blog. Here is not the end it is to be continues.
Aaah, the thing which you are thinking of is a "TONGUE".
This tongue is a very small part of the human body but it can lead things to be in a difficult situation . From the tongue people are blessed or cursed. The tongue can bring success or failure.
Therefore the tongue is a single matchstick that can destroy a hundred tress in the forest. It is also like the small helm which controls the direction of a very huge ship.
For that reason, it is important for one to make a careful choice of one's words to avoid failure of toruble.
The marrital life is one area where a carful choice of words is important. This is the topic which I prefer today because many people are having some problems in their families without knowing the source of those problems. Now watch out.
As a life plant which needs much attention for its growth, marriage needs watering not by water but with sweet words.
Married people should remember the language they used during courtship and use sweet words which is what is pleasant to the ears. Many people forget this soon after marriege. Words like
"Darling! Sweet heart! You are my everything! Without you life is nothing. I love you from the bottom of my heart!"This might be a difficult exercise which could only be maintained at the time of courtship. Sometimes you had to be dramatic or poetic but it did not matter to you as long as it brought you succcess. But after your marriage your "sweet heart" has become a good for nothing woman. What is the reason?
It is advisable to be cautious before you blame men for changing titles of their wives and calling them nasty names because this treatment is determined by the love the spouses have for each other. The wives shouldn't relax and sit back after marriage, complacent that now, having discarded their maiden names, they are wearing nice wedding rings and have assumed new names reflective of their present respectable status.
Thank you for visiting my blog. Here is not the end it is to be continues.
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